q1_2新生成

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2025-11-20 11:24:29 +08:00
parent 7642372f2c
commit a99694786a
3 changed files with 1446 additions and 17 deletions

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@@ -69,35 +69,45 @@ plt.grid(True)
plt.show() plt.show()
# ----------------------------- # -----------------------------
# 3. 净辐射功率计算小问2 # 问题2
# -----------------------------
T_film = 420 # 薄膜温度 K
T_sky = 280 # 天空温度 K
alpha = 0.1 # 吸收可见光比例
I_sun_total = 1000 # W/m²太阳总辐射
I_sun = np.ones_like(wl_fine) * I_sun_total / len(wl_fine) # 均匀分布
tau_atm = 0.9 # 大气透射率假设
# -----------------------------
# 4. Planck 黑体辐射函数
# ----------------------------- # -----------------------------
# 黑体辐射谱 (Planck)
def planck_spectrum(wl, T): def planck_spectrum(wl, T):
wl_m = wl * 1e-6 # μm → m wl_m = wl * 1e-6 # μm → m
return (2*h*c**2 / wl_m**5) / (np.exp(h*c/(wl_m*k*T)) - 1) return (2*h*c**2 / wl_m**5) / (np.exp(h*c/(wl_m*k*T)) - 1)
T_film = 300 # K # -----------------------------
T_sky = 280 # K # 5. 计算净辐射功率
# 假设太阳吸收率 alpha = 0.1 # -----------------------------
alpha = 0.1 P_net_list = []
# 假设太阳总辐射 1000 W/m²
I_sun_total = 1000
I_sun = np.ones_like(wl_fine) * I_sun_total / len(wl_fine)
# 假设大气透射率 tau = 0.9
tau_atm = 0.9
plt.figure(figsize=(8,5))
for d in thicknesses: for d in thicknesses:
epsilon = emission_dict[d] epsilon = emission_dict[d]
P_emit = np.trapz(epsilon * planck_spectrum(wl_fine, T_film), wl_fine) P_emit = np.trapz(epsilon * planck_spectrum(wl_fine, T_film), wl_fine)
P_sun = np.trapz(alpha * I_sun, wl_fine) P_sun = np.trapz(alpha * I_sun, wl_fine)
P_atm = np.trapz(epsilon * planck_spectrum(wl_fine, T_sky) * tau_atm, wl_fine) P_atm = np.trapz(epsilon * planck_spectrum(wl_fine, T_sky) * tau_atm, wl_fine)
P_net = P_emit - P_sun - P_atm P_net = P_emit - P_sun - P_atm
print(f"d={d} μm, P_net = {P_net:.2f} W/m²") P_net_list.append(P_net)
plt.bar(d, P_net, width=0.3)
plt.xlabel("Thickness (μm)") # -----------------------------
# 6. 绘图:净辐射功率 vs 厚度
# -----------------------------
plt.figure(figsize=(8,5))
plt.plot(thicknesses, P_net_list, marker='o', linestyle='-', color='blue', label='Net Radiative Cooling')
for x, y in zip(thicknesses, P_net_list):
plt.text(x, y, f"{y:.1f}", ha='center', va='bottom')
plt.xlabel("Film Thickness (μm)")
plt.ylabel("Net Radiative Cooling Power (W/m²)") plt.ylabel("Net Radiative Cooling Power (W/m²)")
plt.title("PDMS Thin Film Net Radiative Cooling") plt.title("PDMS Thin Film Radiative Cooling Performance")
plt.grid(True) plt.grid(True)
plt.legend()
plt.show() plt.show()

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org/chatgpt2/q1_2.py Normal file
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import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import CubicSpline
# -----------------------------
# 1. 从data.txt读取分块格式数据先wl+n再wl+k
# -----------------------------
def read_split_data(file_path):
"""
解析分块数据格式:
第一部分wl n多行数据
第二部分wl k多行数据
返回sorted_wl, n, k波长已排序保证n和k一一对应
"""
with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
lines = [line.strip() for line in f if line.strip() and not line.startswith('#')]
# 分割n数据和k数据以"wl k"为分界)
split_idx = None
for i, line in enumerate(lines):
if line == 'wl k': # 找到k数据的表头
split_idx = i
break
# 提取n数据表头后到split_idx前
n_lines = lines[1:split_idx] # 跳过"wl n"表头
wl_n = []
n_list = []
for line in n_lines:
wl, n_val = line.split()
wl_n.append(float(wl))
n_list.append(float(n_val))
# 提取k数据split_idx后
k_lines = lines[split_idx + 1:] # 跳过"wl k"表头
wl_k = []
k_list = []
for line in k_lines:
wl, k_val = line.split()
wl_k.append(float(wl))
k_list.append(float(k_val))
# 转换为numpy数组
wl_n = np.array(wl_n)
n_list = np.array(n_list)
wl_k = np.array(wl_k)
k_list = np.array(k_list)
# 确保n和k的波长完全一致否则插值会出错
assert np.allclose(wl_n, wl_k), "n和k的波长列表不一致"
# 排序(按波长递增,避免插值异常)
sorted_idx = np.argsort(wl_n)
sorted_wl = wl_n[sorted_idx]
sorted_n = n_list[sorted_idx]
sorted_k = k_list[sorted_idx]
return sorted_wl, sorted_n, sorted_k
# 读取数据
wl_all, n_all, k_all = read_split_data('/Users/spasolreisa/IdeaProjects/asiaMath/data.txt')
# 三次样条插值(覆盖全波段,保证计算精度)
cs_n = CubicSpline(wl_all, n_all) # 折射率n的插值函数
cs_k = CubicSpline(wl_all, k_all) # 消光系数k的插值函数
# 定义待研究的PDMS薄膜厚度μm可按需调整
thicknesses = [0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
# -----------------------------
# 2. 核心物理模型:薄膜发射率计算
# -----------------------------
def fresnel_reflectance(n1, k1, n2, k2):
"""
菲涅尔反射率垂直入射近似考虑消光系数k
输入介质1的n/k介质2的n/k
输出垂直入射时的反射率R0-1
"""
m1 = n1 + 1j * k1 # 介质1的复折射率
m2 = n2 + 1j * k2 # 介质2的复折射率
return np.abs((m1 - m2) / (m1 + m2)) ** 2
def thin_film_emissivity(n_film, k_film, d, wl, n_air=1.0, k_air=0.0):
"""
薄膜发射率计算(考虑多光束干涉和吸收)
输入:
n_film/k_film: 薄膜的折射率/消光系数
d: 薄膜厚度μm
wl: 波长μm
n_air/k_air: 空气的折射率/消光系数默认n=1, k=0
输出:
epsilon: 发射率0-1
"""
# 1. 计算上下表面的菲涅尔反射率
R12 = fresnel_reflectance(n_air, k_air, n_film, k_film) # 空气→薄膜
R23 = fresnel_reflectance(n_film, k_film, n_air, k_air) # 薄膜→空气
# 2. 计算相位差和吸收衰减
delta = 2 * np.pi * n_film * d / wl # 干涉相位差(无吸收时)
alpha = 4 * np.pi * k_film * d / wl # 吸收导致的振幅衰减系数
# 3. 多光束干涉反射率(考虑吸收)
numerator = R12 + R23 * np.exp(-alpha) + 2 * np.sqrt(R12 * R23 * np.exp(-alpha)) * np.cos(2 * delta)
denominator = 1 + R12 * R23 * np.exp(-alpha) + 2 * np.sqrt(R12 * R23 * np.exp(-alpha)) * np.cos(2 * delta)
R_total = numerator / denominator
# 4. 多光束干涉透射率(考虑吸收)
T_total = (1 - R12) * (1 - R23) * np.exp(-alpha) / denominator
# 5. 基尔霍夫定律:ε = 1 - R - T局部热平衡
epsilon = 1 - R_total - T_total
return epsilon
# -----------------------------
# 3. 计算并绘制不同厚度的发射率光谱
# -----------------------------
# 定义计算波长范围覆盖数据的有效波长区间步长0.01μm保证平滑
wl_min = wl_all.min()
wl_max = wl_all.max()
wl_fine = np.linspace(wl_min, wl_max, int((wl_max - wl_min) / 0.01) + 1)
# 创建绘图
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 7))
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Arial'] # 统一字体
# 存储不同厚度的发射率结果(用于后续分析)
emission_dict = {}
for d in thicknesses:
# 插值得到当前波长下的n和k
n_film = cs_n(wl_fine)
k_film = cs_k(wl_fine)
# 计算发射率
epsilon = thin_film_emissivity(n_film, k_film, d, wl_fine)
emission_dict[d] = epsilon
# 绘制光谱曲线
plt.plot(wl_fine, epsilon, linewidth=2, label=f'Thickness = {d} μm')
# -----------------------------
# 4. 图表美化与标注(突出辐射制冷关键波段)
# -----------------------------
# 标注大气透明窗口8-13μm辐射制冷核心波段
if wl_min <= 13 and wl_max >= 8: # 仅当数据覆盖该波段时才标注
plt.axvspan(8, 13, alpha=0.15, color='red', label='Atmospheric Window (8-13 μm)')
# 坐标轴与标题
plt.xlabel('Wavelength (μm)', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('Emissivity ε(λ)', fontsize=14)
plt.title('PDMS Thin Film Spectral Emissivity for Different Thicknesses', fontsize=16, fontweight='bold')
# 网格、图例与范围设置
plt.grid(True, alpha=0.3, linestyle='--')
plt.legend(fontsize=12, loc='best')
plt.ylim(0, 1.05) # 发射率范围0-1.05(留出余量)
plt.xlim(wl_min, wl_max)
# 保存图片(高分辨率)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('PDMS_emissivity_spectrum.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
# -----------------------------
# 5. 输出关键波段8-13μm的平均发射率若数据覆盖该波段
# -----------------------------
if wl_min <= 13 and wl_max >= 8:
print("=== 8-13 μm 大气窗口平均发射率 ===")
wl_window = np.linspace(8, 13, 500) # 大气窗口内的波长点
for d in thicknesses:
n_window = cs_n(wl_window)
k_window = cs_k(wl_window)
epsilon_window = thin_film_emissivity(n_window, k_window, d, wl_window)
avg_epsilon = np.mean(epsilon_window)
print(f"厚度 {d} μm: 平均发射率 = {avg_epsilon:.4f}")
else:
print("数据未覆盖8-13μm大气窗口跳过该波段平均发射率计算。")